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? rf monolithics, inc. phone: (972) 233-2903 fax: ( 972) 387-8148 e-mail: info@rfm.com page 1 of 15 rfm europe phone: 44 1963 251383 fax: 44 1963 251510 http://www.rfm.com ?1999 by rf monolithics, inc. the stylized rfm logo are registered trademarks of rf monolithics, inc. TR7000-11062007 ? designed for short-range wireless data communications ? supports rf data transmission rates up to 115.2 kbps ? 3 v, low current operation plus sleep mode ? up to 10 mw transmitter power the TR7000 hybrid transceiver is ideal for shor t-range wireless data applications where robust operation, small size, low power consumption and low cost are required. the TR7000 employs rfm?s amplifier-sequenced hybrid (ash) architectu re to achieve this unique blend of character- istics. all critical rf functions are contained in the hybrid, simplifying and speeding design-in. the receiver section of the TR7000 is sensitiv e and stable. a wide dynamic range log detector, in combination with digital agc and a compound data slicer, provide robust performance in the presence of on-channel interference or noise. two stages of saw filtering provide excellent re- ceiver out-of-band rejection. the transmitter incl udes provisions for both on-off keyed (ook) and amplitude-shift keyed (ask) modu lation. the transmitter employs saw filtering to suppress out- put harmonics, facilitating compliance with fcc/etsi i-ets 300 220 and similar regulations. rating value units power supply and all input/output pins -0.3 to +4.0 v non-operating case temperature -50 to +100 c soldering temperature (10 seconds, 5 cycles maximum) 260 c 433.92 mhz hybrid transceiver TR7000 electrical characteristics characteristic sym notes minimum typical maximum units operating frequency f o 433.72 434.12 mhz data modulation type ook/ask ook data rate 30 kb/s ask data rate 576 kb/s receiver performance sensitivity, 4.8 kbps, 10-3 ber, am test method 1 -111 dbm sensitivity, 4.8 kbps, 10-3 ber, pulse test method 1 -105 dbm current, 4.8 kbps 4.2 ma sensitivity, 19.2 kbps, 10-3 ber, am test method 1 -107 dbm sensitivity, 19.2 kbps, 10-3 ber, pulse test method 1 -101 dbm current, 19.2 kbps 4.25 ma sensitivity, 115.2 kbps, 10-3 ber, am test method 1 -102 dbm sensitivity, 115.2 kbps, 10-3 ber, pulse test method 1 -96 dbm current, 115.2 kbps 4.3 ma receiver out-of-band rejection, 5% fo r 5% 280db receiver ultimate rejection r ult 2100db absolute maximum ratings sm3-20h
rf monolithics, inc. phone: (972) 233-2903 fax: (972) 387-8148 e-mail: info@rfm.com page 2 of 15 rfm europe phone: 44 1963 251383 fax: 44 1963 251510 http://www.rfm.com ?1999 by rf monolithics, inc. the stylized rfm logo are registered trademarks of rf monolithics, inc. TR7000-11062007 electrical characteristics (typical values given for 3.0 vdc power supply, 25 c) characteristic sym notes minimum typical maximum units transmitter performance peak rf output power, 235 a txmod current p ol 210dbm peak current, 235 a txmod current i tpl 232ma 2nd - 4th harmonic outputs 2 -40 dbm 5th - 10th harmonic outputs 2 -45 dbm non-harmonic spurious outputs 2 -40 dbm ook turn on/turn off times t on /t off 3 12/6 s ask output rise/fall times t tr /t tf 3 1.1/1.1 s logic 0 input voltage 0 0.15 vcc v logic 1 input voltage 0.85 vcc vcc v logic 0 output voltage, 1 ma sink 0 0.1 vcc v logic 1 output voltage, 1 ma source 0.9 vcc vcc v sleep mode current i s 200 na power supply voltage range v cc 2.2 3.7 vdc power supply voltage ripple 10 mv p-p ambient operating temperature t a -40 85 c notes: 1. typical sensitivity data is based on a 10 -3 bit error rate (ber), using dc-balanced data. there are two test methods commonly used to mea- sure ook/ask receiver sensitivity, the ?100% am? test method and the ?pulse? test method. sensitivity data is given for both te st methods. the application/test circuit and component values are shown on the next page. 2. data is given with the ash radio matched to a 50 ohm load. matching component values are given on the next page.
rf monolithics, inc. phone: (972) 233-2903 fax: (972) 387-8148 e-mail: info@rfm.com page 3 of 15 rfm europe phone: 44 1963 251383 fax: 44 1963 251510 http://www.rfm.com ?1999 by rf monolithics, inc. the stylized rfm logo are registered trademarks of rf monolithics, inc. TR7000-11062007 tx data rx data top view cfg cfg clk cfg dat gnd 3 rxd clk thld 1 thld 2 rref gnd2 tx mod rx data lpf adj cmp in bb out pk det vcc 3 vcc 1 vcc 2 rfio gnd1 + 3 vdc 3g ash transceiver application circuit 3g ook/ask configuration 1 20 23456789 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 + 3 vdc r th1 r th2 r ref r lpf r txm c bbo c pkd c dcb l at l esd c rfb host microcontroller rx clock l rfb caution: electrostatic device. observe precautions when handling. item symbol ook ook ask units notes encoded data rate dr nom 4.8 19.2 115.2 kb/s see pages 1 & 2 minimum signal pulse sp min 208.32 52.08 8.68 s single bit maximum signal pulse sp max 833.28 208.32 34.72 s 4 bits of same value pkdet capacitor c pkd 0.022 0.0056 820 pf f 10% ceramic bbout capacitor c bbo 0.01 0.0027 390 pf f 10% ceramic txmod resistor r txm 9.1 9.1 9.1 k 5%, for 10 dbm output lpfadj resistor r lpf 470 160 24 k 5% rref resistor r ref 100 100 100 k 1% thld2 resistor r th2 - - 100 k 1%, typical values thld1 resistor 1 r th1 20 20 20 k 1%, typical values dc bypass capacitor c dcb 4.7 4.7 4.7 f tantalum rf bypass capacitor c rfb 100 100 100 pf 5% npo series tuning inductor l at 56 56 56 nh 50 ohm antenna shunt tuning/esd inductor l esd 220 220 220 nh 50 ohm antenna rf bypass bead l rfb fair-rite fair-rite fair-rite 2506033017yo or equivalent tranceiver set-up, 3.0 vdc, -40 to +85 c tx data rx data top view cfg cfg clk cfg dat gnd 3 rxd clk thld 1 thld 2 rref gnd2 tx mod rx data lpf adj cmp in bb out pk det vcc 3 vcc 1 vcc 2 rfio gnd1 + 3 vdc 3g ash transceiver application circuit 2g default ook/ask configuration 1 20 23456789 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 + 3 vdc r th1 r th2 r ref r lpf r txm c bbo c pkd c dcb l at l esd c rfb host microcontroller l rfb notes: 1. when using internal data and clock recovery, a thld1 value of 47k is recommended to minimize start vector ?nuisance tripping? due to random noise.
rf monolithics, inc. phone: (972) 233-2903 fax: (972) 387-8148 e-mail: info@rfm.com page 4 of 15 rfm europe phone: 44 1963 251383 fax: 44 1963 251510 http://www.rfm.com ?1999 by rf monolithics, inc. the stylized rfm logo are registered trademarks of rf monolithics, inc. TR7000-11062007 ash receiver block di agram & timing cycle antenna pulse generator saw delay line saw filter rfa1 rfa2 data out detector & low-pass filter rf data pulse p1 p2 rfa1 out rf input p1 delay line out p2 t pw2 t pw1 t pri t prc figure 1 ash transceiver theory of operation introduction rfm?s amplifier-sequenced hybrid (ash) transceiver technology is specif- ically designed for short-range wirele ss data communication applications. ash transceivers provide robust operat ion, very small size, low power consumption and low implementation co st. all critical rf functions are contained in the hybrid, simplifyi ng and speed-ing design-in. ash trans- ceivers can be readily configured to support a wide range of data rates and protocol requirements. these transceivers feature excellent suppres- sion of transmitter harm onics and virtually no rf em issions when receiv- ing, making them easy to certify to short-range (unlicensed) radio regulations. amplifier-sequenced receiver operation the ash transceiver?s unique feature se t is made possible by its system architecture. the heart of the transceiver is the amplifier-sequenced receiver section, which provides more than 100 db of stable rf and detector gain without any special shielding or decoupling requirements. figure 1 shows the basic block diagram and timing cycle for an amplifier sequenced receiver. note that the bias to rf amplifiers rfa1 and rfa2 are independently controlled by a pulse generator, and that the two ampli- fiers are coupled by a surface acousti c wave (saw) delay line, which has a typical delay of 0.5 s. an incoming rf signal is first filt ered by a narrow-band saw filter, and is then applied to rfa1. the pulse generator turns rfa1 on for 0.814 s. the amplified signal from rfa1 emer ges from the saw delay line at the input to rfa2. rfa1 is now switched off and rfa2 is switched on for 0.814 s, amplifying the rf signal further. the on time for rfa1 and rfa2 is set by a 614 khz internal pulse generator. as shown in the timing diagram, rfa1 and rfa2 are never on at the same time, assuring excel- lent receiver stability. note that the narrow-band saw filter eliminates sampling sideband responses outside of the receiver passband, and the saw filter and delay line act together to provide very high receiver ulti- mate rejection. ash transceiver block diagram figure 2 is the general block di agram of the ash transceiver. please refer to figure 2 for the following discussions. antenna port the only external rf components needed for the transceiver are the antenna and its matching components. antennas presenting an imped- ance in the range of 35 to 72 ohms resi stive can be satisfactorily matched to the rfio pin with a series matchi ng coil and a shunt matching/esd pro- tection coil. other antenna impedanc es can be matched using two or three components. for some impedances, two inductors and a capacitor will be required. a dc path from rfioto ground is required for esd pro- tection.
rf monolithics, inc. phone: (972) 233-2903 fax: (972) 387-8148 e-mail: info@rfm.com page 5 of 15 rfm europe phone: 44 1963 251383 fax: 44 1963 251510 http://www.rfm.com ?1999 by rf monolithics, inc. the stylized rfm logo are registered trademarks of rf monolithics, inc. TR7000-11062007 figure 2 receiver chain the output of the saw filter drives amplifier rfa1. this amplifier includes provisions for detecting the onset of saturation (agc set), and for switch- ing between 35 db of gain and 5 db of gain (gain select). agc set is an input to the agc control function, and gain select is the agc control function output. on/off control to rfa1 (and rfa2) is generated by the pulse generator & rf amp bias function. the output of rfa1 drives the saw delay line, which has a nominal delay of 0.5 s. the second amplifier, rfa2, provides 51 db of gain below saturation. the output of rfa2 drives a full-wave detector with 19 db of threshold gain. the onset of saturation in each section of rfa2 is detected and summed to provide a logarithmic response. th is is added to the output of the full- wave detector to produce an overall detector response that is square law for low signal levels, and transitions into a log response for high signal lev- els. this combination provides exce llent threshold sensitivity and more than 70 db of detector dynamic range. in combination with the 30 db of agc range in rfa1, more than 100 db of receiver dynamic range is achieved. the detector output drives a gyrator filt er. the filter provides a three-pole, 0.05 degree equiripple low-pass respons e with excellent group delay flat- ness and minimal pulse ringing. the 3 db bandwidth of the filter can be set from 4.5 khz to 1.8 mhz with an external resistor. the filter is followed by a base-band amplifier which boosts the detected signal to the bbout pin. when the receiver rf amplifiers are operating at a 50%-50% duty cycle, the bbout signal changes about 10 mv/db, with a peak-to-peak signal level of up to 450 mv. for lower duty cycles, the mv/db slope and peak-to-peak signal level are proportionately less. the detected signal is riding on a 1.5 vdc le vel that varies somewhat with sup- ply voltage, temperature, etc. bbout is coupled to the cmpin pin, or to an external data recovery process (dsp) , by a series capacitor. the cor- rect value of the series capacitor depends on data rate, data run length, and other factors as discussed in the ash transceiver designer?s guide. when an external data recovery proce ss is used with agc, bbout must be coupled to the external data recovery process and to cmpin by sepa- rate series coupling capa citors. the agc reset function is driven by the signal applied to cmpin. data slicers the cmpin pin drives two data slicer s, which convert the analog signal from bbout back into a digital stream . the best data slicer configuration depends on the system operating paramete rs. data slicer ds1 is a capac- itively-coupled comparator with prov isions for an adjustable threshold. ds1 provides the best performance at low signal-to-noise conditions. the threshold, or squelch, offsets the comp arator?s slicing level from 0 to 90 mv, and is set with a resistor between the rref and thld1 pins. this threshold allows a trade-off between re ceiver sensitivity and output noise density in the no-signal condition. for be st sensitivity, the threshold is set to zero but a minimum r th1 value of approximately 20 k ohms should be used for proper agc action. in this ca se, noise is output continuously when no signal is present. this, in turn , requires the circuit being driven by the rxdata pin to be able to proc ess noise (and signals) continuously. this can be a problem if rxdata is dr iving a circuit that must sleep when data is not present to conserve power, or when it its necessary to minimize false interrupts to a multitasking processor. in this case, noise can be greatly reduced by increasing the threshold level, but at the expense of sensitivity. in order to guarantee thld1 to be the value calculated, the device should not be powered up in the receive mode. it should be pow- ered up in either the sleep mode or the transmit mode and then switched to the recieve mode. the best 3 db bandwidth for the low-pass filter is also affected by the threshold level setting of ds1. the bandwidth must be increased as the threshold is increased to minimize data pulse-width vari- ations with signal amplitude. 3g ash transceiver block diagram rfa1 rfa2 txa1 txa2 saw delay line saw cr filter log antenna rfio esd choke detector low-pass filter bb agc control peak detector local oscillator, pulse generator & rf amp bias lpfadj rxdata cn trl1 cn trl0 r ref thld2 thld1 gain select agc set agc reset threshold control bbout ds2 ds1 and db below peak thld ref thld pkdet ref agc c bbo c pkd r lpf r th2 r th1 r txm 20 8 17 18 14 15 9 56 4 7 13 11 12 vcc1: pin 2 vcc3: pin 3 vcc2: pin 16 gnd1: pin 1 gnd2: pin 10 tx mod 19 cn fgr x x data/clock recovery rxdclk temperature compensated master oscillator baud rate selection power down control programming and control
rf monolithics, inc. phone: (972) 233-2903 fax: (972) 387-8148 e-mail: info@rfm.com page 6 of 15 rfm europe phone: 44 1963 251383 fax: 44 1963 251510 http://www.rfm.com ?1999 by rf monolithics, inc. the stylized rfm logo are registered trademarks of rf monolithics, inc. TR7000-11062007 ds2 is a ?db-below-peak? slicer. the peak detector charges rapidly to the peak value of each data pulse, and decays slowly in between data pulses (1:1000 ratio). the slicer trip point c an be set from 0 to 120 mv below this peak value with a resistor between rref and thld2. ds2 is best for ask modulation where the transmitted waveform has been shaped to minimize signal bandwidth. ho wever, ds2 is subject to being temporarily ?blinded? by strong noise pulses, which can cause burst data errors. note that ds1 is active when ds2 is used, as the compound data slicer output is the logical and of the ds1 and ds2 outputs. ds2 can be disabled by leaving thld2 disconnec ted. note that a non-zero ds1 threshold is required for proper agc operation. data and clock recovery rxdata is the receiver data output pi n. the signal on this pin can come from one of two sources. the default source is directly from the output of the compound data slicer circuit. the al ternate source is from the radio?s internal data and clock recovery circ uit. when the internal data and clock recovery circuit is used (cfg0 bit 0 high), the signal on rxdata is switched from the output of the data slicer to the output of the data and clock recovery circuit when a pa cket start symbol is detected. when the radio?s internal data and clock recovery circuit is not used, rxd- clk is a steady low value. when the internal data and clock recovery is used, rxdclk is low until a start sym bol is detected at the output of the data slicer. each bit following the start symbol is output at rxdata on the rising edge of a rxdclk pulse, and is stable for reading on the falling edge of the rxdclk pulse. once rxdclk is activated by the detection of a start symbol, it remains active unt il cfg0 bit 0 is reset low. normally rxdclk is reset by the host processo r as soon as a packet is received. agc control the output of the peak detector also provides an agc reset signal to the agc control function through the agc comparator. the purpose of the agc function is to extend the dynamic range of the receiver, so that two transceivers can operate close t ogether when running ask and/or high data rate modulation. the onset of saturation in the output stage of rfa1 is detected and generates the agc set signal to the agc control func- tion. the agc control function then selects the 5 db gain mode for rfa1. the agc comparator will send a reset signal when the peak detector output (multiplied by 0.8) falls below the threshold voltage for ds1. transmitter chain the transmitter chain consists of a saw delay line oscillator followed by an ook/ask modulated buffer amplifier. the saw filter suppresses trans- mitter harmonics to the antenna. note that the same saw devices used in the amplifier-sequenced receiver are reused in the transmit modes. transmitter operation supports two modulation formats, on-off keyed (ook) modulation, and amplitude-shi ft keyed (ask) modulation. when ook modulation is chosen, the transmitter output turns completely off between ?1? data pulses. when ask modu lation is chosen, a ?1? pulse is represented by a higher transmitted power level, and a ?0? is represented by a lower transmitted power level. oo k modulation provides compatibility with first-generation ash technology, and provides for power conserva- tion. ask modulation must be used for high data rates (data pulses less than 30 s). ask modulation also reduc es the effects of some types of interference and allows the transmi tted pulses to be shaped to control modulation bandwidth. when either modulation format is chos en, the receiver rf amplifiers are turned off. in the ook mode, the delay line oscillator amplifier txa1 and the buffer amplifier txa2 are turned off when the voltage to the txmod input falls below 220 mv. in the ook mode, the data rate is limited by the turn-on and turn-off times of the delay line oscillator, which are 12 and 6 s respectively. in the ask mode txa1 is biased on continuously, and the output of txa2 is modulated by the txmod input current. minimum out- put power occurs in the ask mode when the modulation driver sinks about 10 a of current from the txmod pin. the transmitter rf output power is proportional to the input current to the txmod pin. a series resistor is used to adjust the peak transmitter output power. 10 dbm of output power requires about 235 a of input current. configuration control the operating configuration of the tr 7000 is controlled by three pins: pin 17 (cfgdat), pin 18 (cfgclk), and pin 19 (cfg). when dc power is applied to the TR7000 with pin 19 held low, the functions of pins 17 and 18 default to the ?2g ash? tr3000 definition. this allows the TR7000 to be used with existing tr1000 pcb layouts and protocol software. the logic levels on pins 17 and 18 cont rol the default operation as shown below: note that for default 2g operation, pin 15 is grounded (zero ohm resistor) and pin 14 is left unconnected. when pin 19 is first set to a logic 1 a fter dc power is applied, the function- ality of pins 17 and 18 change from dire ct mode control to serial control. this change persists until a dc power reset occurs. after serial control is invoked, pins 17, 18 and 19 are used to write data to and read from three 8-bit configuration control registers in the radio. to begin a write or read sequence, pin 19 is set to logic 1. data is then clocked into or out of pin 17 on t he rising edge of each clock pulse applied to pin 18. configuration data clocked in to pin 17 is transferred to a control register every eight bits. bits clock ed into pin 17 when pin 19 is a logic 0 are ignored. also, if pin 19 is reset to logic 0 before a complete group of eight data bits is received, the incomplete group is ignored. single-byte and multi-byte write and read sequences are detailed in fig- ures 4 and 5. the bits in the configuration registers are summarized in fig- ure 3. cfg0 bit 7 - when this bit is 0, the r adio is operational. setting this bit to 1 invokes the sleep mode. in the sleep mode most of the radio is powered down, reducing the radio?s current consumption to about 200 na. the con- tents of the configuration registers are preserved during sleep mode. the power-on default value of this bit is 0. note that once sleep mode is invoked, pin 19 must be set to a logic 1 to return to active operation. in changing from sleep mode to active mode, pin 19 should be high for at least one microsecond before attempting to clock data in or out of the con- trol registers. pin 17 pin 18 mode 11 receive 00 sleep 0 1 transmit ook 1 0 transmit ask
rf monolithics, inc. phone: (972) 233-2903 fax: (972) 387-8148 e-mail: info@rfm.com page 7 of 15 rfm europe phone: 44 1963 251383 fax: 44 1963 251510 http://www.rfm.com ?1999 by rf monolithics, inc. the stylized rfm logo are registered trademarks of rf monolithics, inc. TR7000-11062007 figure 3 adress name bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 0 cfg0 sleep tx/rx ask/ook - mode 1 mode 0 - sv en 1 cfg1 - vcolock - - br3 br2 br1 br0 2 losyn test losyn6 losyn5 losy n4 losyn3 losyn2 losyn1 losyn0 cfg0 bit 6 - when this bit is 0, the radio is in the receive mode (provided cfg0 bit 7 is 0). when this bit is 1, the radio is in one of the transmit modes. note the radio will trans mit using ook or ask modulation, depending on the value of cfg0 bit 5. the power-on default value of this bit is 0. cfg0 bit 5 - when this bit is 0, the transmitter uses ook modulation. when this bit is 1, the transmitter uses ask modulation. the power-on default value of this bit is 0. cfg0 bit 4 - this bit should always be set to 0 in the TR7000. the power- on default value of this bit is 0. cfg0 bits 3, 2 - the states of thes e two bits set the basic operating mode of the radio as shown below. the power-on default value of these two bits is 0. cfg0 bit 1 - this bit should always be set to 0 in the TR7000. the power- on default value of this bit is 0. cfg0 bit 0 - setting this bit to logi c 1 enables the internal start symbol (vector) detection and the data and clock recovery circuit. when active, this function continuously tests for a 16-bit start symbol, 0xe2e2 (hex). data clocking begins in the middle of th e first bit following the 16-bit start symbol, and clocking conti nues until cfg0 bit 0 is reset to a logic 0. note that cfg0 bit 0 must be set to back to a logic 1 to re-enable the start sym- bol detection and the data and clock recovery circui t. the common way to use this function is for the host processo r to set this bit to a 1 when it is ready to receive a message. when a st art symbol is det ected, data clock- ing begins, and the host processor inputs the message bits. once all of the bits in the message are received, t he host processor resets this bit to 0 to end data clocking. after the current message has been processed, the host processor sets this bit to 1 again to enable detection of the next mes- sage. the power-on default value of this bit is 0. the start symbol pattern is sent star ting with the msb. this start symbol pattern will not occur in a message that has been encoded for dc-balance using either manchester encoding or 8-to-12 bit symbolization using the encoding table given below. note that the table is given for 4-to-6 bit encoding, so each byte of the message is encoded starting with the high nibble and then the low nibble. cfg1 bit 7 - this bit is unused in the TR7000. cfg1 bit 6 - this bit is a read only bit. writing has no effect. when per- forming a read and this bit is set, this indicates that the internal vco is locked and ready to transmit or receive data. cfg1 bit 5 - this bit is unused in the TR7000. cfg1 bit 4 - this bit is unused in the TR7000. cfg1 bits 3, 2, 1, 0 - these bits select the internal data and clock recov- ery data (bit) rate as shown in the table below. the power-on default value of these bits is 0. losyn bit 7 - this bit is only used in product testing. it should always be set to 0 for normal operation. the power-on default value of this bit is 0. losyn bits 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 -these bits have no function in the TR7000 and can be written as either a logic 1 or a logic 0. note that data to/from the configurat ion registers is clocked in/out msb first. see the control register read/write detail and control register read/write timing drawi ngs for additional details. bit 3 bit 2 mode 0 0 single-channel mode 01 not used 10 not used 11 not used nibble hex value symbol hex value (6 bits) 00d 10e 213 315 416 519 61a 71c 823 925 a26 b29 c2a d2c e32 f34
rf monolithics, inc. phone: (972) 233-2903 fax: (972) 387-8148 e-mail: info@rfm.com page 8 of 15 rfm europe phone: 44 1963 251383 fax: 44 1963 251510 http://www.rfm.com ?1999 by rf monolithics, inc. the stylized rfm logo are registered trademarks of rf monolithics, inc. TR7000-11062007 receiver turn-on timing the maximum time t pr required for the receive function to become opera- tional at turn-on is influenced by two fact ors. all receiver circuitry will be op- erational 1 ms after the supply voltage reaches 2.2 vdc. the bbout- cmpin coupling-capacitor is then dc stabilized in 4 time constants (4*t bbc ). the total turn-on time to stable receiver operation for a 10 ms power supply rise time is: t pr = 15 ms + 4*t bbc receiver wake-up timing the maximum transition time t sr from the sleep mode to the receive mode is 4*t bbc , where t bbc is the bbout-cmpin coupl ing-capacitor time con- stant. when the operating temperature is limited to 60c, the time required to switch from sleep to receiv e is dramatically less for short sleep times, as less charge leaks away from the bbout-cmpin coupling capacitor. agc timing the maximum agc engage time tagc is 5 s after the reception of a -30 dbm rf signal with a 1 s envelope rise time. peak detector timing the peak detector attack time constant is set by the value of the capacitor at the pkdet pin. the attack time t pka =c pkd /4167, where t pka is in s and c pkd is in pf. the peak dete ctor decay time constant t pkd = 1000*t pka . data rate (b/s) cfg1 bits 3-0 1200 0000 2400 0001 4800 0010 9600 0011 19200 0100 38400 0101 57600 0110 115200 0111 230400 1000
rf monolithics, inc. phone: (972) 233-2903 fax: (972) 387-8148 e-mail: info@rfm.com page 9 of 15 rfm europe phone: 44 1963 251383 fax: 44 1963 251510 http://www.rfm.com ?1999 by rf monolithics, inc. the stylized rfm logo are registered trademarks of rf monolithics, inc. TR7000-11062007 pin descriptions pin name description 1 gnd1 gnd1 is the rf ground pin. 2 vcc1 vcc1 is a positive supply voltage pin. vcc1 is dec oupled with a ferrite bead and bypassed by an rf capacitor. 3 vcc3 vcc3 is a positive supply voltage pin. vcc3 is bypassed by an rf capacitor. 4pkdet this pin controls the peak detector oper ation. a capacitor between this pin and ground sets the peak detector attack and decay times, which have a fixed 1:1000 ratio. for most applicat ions, these time constants s hould be coordinated with the base-band time constant. for a given base-band capacitor c bbo , the capacitor value c pkd is: c pkd = 2.0* c bbo , where c bbo and c pkd are in pf a 10% ceramic capacitor should be used at this pi n. this time constant will vary between t pka and 1.5* t pka with varia- tions in supply voltage, temperature, etc. the capacitor is driven from a 200 ohm ?attack? source, and decays through a 200 k load. the peak detector is used to drive the ?db-below -peak? data slicer and the agc release function. the peak detector capacitor is discharged in the receiver power-down (sleep) mode and in the transmit modes. 5 bbout bbout is the receiver base-band output pin. this pin drives the cmpin pin through a coupling capacitor c bbo for internal data slicer operation. the time constant t bbc for this connection is: t bbc = 0.1c bbo , where t bbc is in s and c bbo is in pf a 10% ceramic capacitor should be used between bbout and cmpin. the time constant can vary between t bbc and 1.8*t bbc with variations in supply voltage, temperature, etc. the optimum time constant in a given circumstance will depend on the data rate, data run length, and other factors as discussed in the ash transceiver designer?s guide. c bbo = 11.2*sp max , where sp max is the maximum signal pulse width in s and c bbo is in pf the output from this pin can also be used to drive an exte rnal data recovery process (dsp, etc.). the nominal output impedance of this pin is 1 k. when the receiver rf amplifie rs are operating at a 50%-50% duty cycle, the bbout signal changes about 10 mv/db, with a peak-to-peak signal level of up to 450 mv. the signal at bbout is riding on a 1.5 vdc value that varies somewhat with supply voltage and temperat ure, so it should be coupled through a capacitor to an exter- nal load. a load impedance of 50 k to 500 k in parallel with no more than 10 pf is recommended. when an external data recovery process is used with agc, bbout must be coupled to the external data recovery process and cmpin by sepa- rate series coupling capacitors. the agc reset function is driven by the signal appl ied to cmpin. when the transceiver is in power-down (sleep) or in a transmit mode, the output impedan ce of this pin becomes very high, preserving the charge on the coupling capacitor. 6cmpin this pin is the input to the internal data slicers. it is driven from bbout thr ough a coupling capacitor. the input impedance of this pin is 100 k. 7rxdata rxdata is the receiver data output pin. it is a cmos output. the signal on this pin can come from one of two sources. the default source is directly from the output of the data slicer circ uit. the alternate source is from the radio?s internal data a nd clock recovery circuit. when the internal dat a and clock recovery circuit is used, the signal on rxdata is switched from the output of the data slicer to the output of the data and clock re covery circuit when a packet start symbol is detected. each recovered data bit is then output on the rising edge of a rx dclk pulse (pin 14), and is stable for reading on the falling edge of the rxdclk pulse. 8txmod the transmitter rf output voltage is proportional to the input current to this pin. a resistor in series with the txmod input is normally used to adjust the peak tran smitter output. full transmitter power (10 mw) requires about 235 a of drive cur- rent. the transmitter output power p o for a 3 vdc supply voltage is approximately: po = 180*(i txm ) 2 , where po is in mw and the modulation current i txm is in ma the practical power control range is 10 to -50 dbm. a 5% tx mod resistor value is recomm ended. internally, this pin is connected to the base of a bipolar transistor with a small emitter resistor. t he voltage at the txmod input pin is about 0.85 volt with 235 ua of drive current. this pin accepts analog m odulation and can be driven with ei ther logic level data pulses (unshaped) or shaped data pulses. 9 lpfadj this pin is the receiver low-pass filter bandwidth adjust. the filter bandwidth is set by a resistor r lpf between this pin and ground. the resistor value can range from 510 k to 3 k, providing a filter 3 db bandwidth f lpf from 5 to 600 khz. the resis- tor value is determined by: r lpf = (0.0006*f lpf ) -1.069 where r lpf is in kilohms, and f lpf is in khz a 5% resistor should be used to set the filter bandwid th. this will provide a 3 dbfilter bandwidth between f lpf and 1.3* f lpf with variations in supply voltage, temperature, etc. the filter provides a three- pole, 0.05 degree equiripple phase response.d input is normally used to 10 gnd2 gnd2 is an ic ground pin.
rf monolithics, inc. phone: (972) 233-2903 fax: (972) 387-8148 e-mail: info@rfm.com page 10 of 15 rfm europe phone: 44 1963 251383 fax: 44 1963 251510 http://www.rfm.com ?1999 by rf monolithics, inc. the stylized rfm logo are registered trademarks of rf monolithics, inc. TR7000-11062007 pin name description 11 rref rref is the external referenc e resistor pin. a 100 k reference resistor is connected between this pin and ground. a 1% resistor tolerance is recommended. it is important to keep the total capacitance between ground, vcc and this node to less than 5 pf to maintain current source stability. if thld1 and/ or thdl2 are connected to rref through resistor values less that 1.5 k, their node capacitance must be added to the rref node capacitance and the total should not exceed 5 pf. 12 thld2 thld2 is the ?db-below-peak? data slicer (ds2) threshold adj ust pin. the threshold is se t by a 0 to 200 kresistor r th2 between this pin and rref. increasing the value of the resist or decreases the threshold below the peak detector value (increases difference) from 0 to 120 mv. for most applications, this threshol d should be set at 6 db below peak. the thld2 resistor value is given by: r th2 = 1.5*v, where r th2 is in kilohms and the threshold v is in mv a 1% resistor tolerance is recommended for the thld2 re sistor. leaving the thld2 pin open disables the db-below- peak data slicer operation. 13 thld1 the thld1 pin sets the threshold for the standard data slicer (ds1) through a resistor r th1 to rref. the threshold is increased by increasing the resistor val ue. connecting this pin directly to rref pr ovides zero theshold. the value of the resistor depends on whether thld2 is used. for the case that thld2 is not used, the accept able range for the resistor is 0 to 200k, providing a thld1 range of 0 to 112 mv. the resistor value is given by: for thresholds : r th1 = 3.81*v -14.28, where r th1 is in kilohms and the threshold v is in mv. for thresholds : r th1 = 1.22*v +63.36, where r th1 is in kilohms and the threshold v is in mv. for the case that thld2 is used, the acceptable range for the th ld1 resistor is 0 to 100k. t he resistor value is given by: r th1 = 2.22*v, where r th1 is in kilohms and the threshold v is in mv a 1% resistor tolerance is recommended for the thld1 resist or. note that a non-zero ds1 threshold is required for proper agc operation. the minimum value recommended is 20k. 14 rxclk rxdclk is the clock output from the data and clock recovery circuit. rxdclk is a cmos output. when the radio?s internal data and clock recovery circuit is not used, rxdclk is a steady low value. when the internal data and clock recovery is used, rxdclk is low until a packet start sym bol is detected at the output of the da ta slicer. each bit following the start symbol is output at rxdata on the rising edge of a rxdclk pulse, and is stable for reading on the falling edge of the rxdclk pulse. once rxdclk is activated by the detection of a star t symbol, it remains active until cfg0 bit 0 is set to 0. normally rxdclk is reset by the host pr ocessor as soon as a packet is received. 15 gnd3 gnd3 is an ic ground pin. 16 vcc2 vcc2 is a positive supply voltage pin. pin 16 must be bypassed wi th an rf capacitor, and must also be by passed with a 1 f tantalum or electrolytic capacitor. 17 cfgdat in 3g control mode, cfgdat is a bi-directional cmos logic pi n. when cfg (pin 19) is set to a logic 1, configuration data can be clocked into or out of the radio?s configuration regi sters through cfgdat using cfgclk (pin 18). data clocked into cfgdat is transferred to a control register each time a group of 8 bits is received (see figure 4). pulses on cfgclk are used to clock configuration data into and out of the radi o through cfgdat (pin 17). when writing through cfgdat, a data bit is clocked into the radio on the rising edge of a cf gclk pulse. when reading through cfgdat, data is output on the rising edge of the cfgclk pulse and is stable for readi ng on the falling edge of the cfgclk. cfgclk is inactive when the cfg (pin 19) is set at a logic 0. see page 6 fo r details of 2g default control mode operation of this pin. 18 cfgclk in 3g control mode, pulses on cfgclk are used to clock c onfiguration data into and out of the radio through cfgdat (pin 17). when writing through cfgdat, a data bit is clocked into the radio on the rising edge of a cfgclk pulse. when reading through cfgdat, data is output on the rising edge of the cfgclk pulse and is stable for reading on the falling edge of the cfgclk. cfgclk is inactive when the cfg (pin 19) is set to logic 0. see page 6 for details of 2g default control mode operation of this pin. eac 19 cfg cfg controls the operation of the cfgdat (pin 17) and cfgclk (pin 18) pins. if cfg is held at logic 0 when the radio is powered on, radio operation defaults to 2g control mode as ex plained on page 6. radio operation is switched to 3g serial control mode the first time cfg is set to logic 1. cfg must be set to a logic 1 before data can be clocked into or out of cfgdat by cfgclk. cfgdat is inactive when the cfg (pin 19) is set to logic 0. setting cfg to a logic 1 will also switch the radio from sleep mode to active mode. 20 rfio rfio is the rf input/output pin. this pin is connected directly to the saw filt er transducer. antennas presenting an imped- ance in the range of 35 to 72 ohms resistive can be satisfacto rily matched to this pin with a series matching coil and a shunt matching/esd protection coil. other antenna impedances can be matched using two or three components. for some impedances, two inductors and a capacitor will be required. a dc path from rfio to ground is required for esd protection. 0 v 30 mv ? 31 mv v 112 mv ?
rf monolithics, inc. phone: (972) 233-2903 fax: ( 972) 387-8148 e-mail: info@rfm.com page 11 of 15 rfm europe phone: 44 1963 251383 fax: 44 1963 251510 http://www.rfm.com ?1999 by rf monolithics, inc. the stylized rfm logo are registered trademarks of rf monolithics, inc. TR7000-11062007 pin 19 pin 18 pin 17 pin 19 pin 18 pin 17 pin 19 pin 18 pin 17 pin 19 pin 18 pin 17 next to last byte next to last byte last data byte last data byte single byte write sequence the write, address and data bits are clocked into the radio (left to right) on the rising edge of the clock input to pin 18. single byte read sequence the read and address bits and are clocked into the radio on the rising edge of the clock input to pin 18; data is output on the rising edge of the clock and should be read into the host on the falling edge of the clock. multi-byte write sequence address increments automatically and rolls over from address 2 to address 0. multi-byte read sequence address increments automatically and rolls over from address 2 to address 0. w a1a0d7d6d5d4d3d2d1d0 r a1a0 d7d6d5d4d3d2d1d0 control register read/write detail d3 d2 d1 d0 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 d3 d2 d1 d0 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 figure 4
rf monolithics, inc. phone: (972) 233-2903 fax: (972) 387-8148 e-mail: info@rfm.com page 12 of 15 rfm europe phone: 44 1963 251383 fax: 44 1963 251510 http://www.rfm.com ?1999 by rf monolithics, inc. the stylized rfm logo are registered trademarks of rf monolithics, inc. TR7000-11062007 control register read/write timing pin 19 pin 18 pin 17 write cycle timing pin 18 pin 19 pin 17 read cycle timing xr/w a1 d0x a0 d7 d0 t c1rdz t c1rdval t cfghld t c1rls t cfglo t cfghld t c0hi t c0lo t c0pd t c1hld t c1su t cfgsu t c0su symbol characteristic min typ max units conditions t c0su cfgclk (18) low setup time to cfg (19) rising edge 45 ns t c0hi cfgclk (18) high time 90 ns t c0lo cfgclk (18) low time 90 ns t c0pd cfgclk (18) period - rising edge to rising edge 190 ns t cfgsu cfg (19) setup time - active modes 90 ns all modes except sleep t cfgsu cfg (19) setup time - sleep mode 1000 ns sleep mode t c1su cfgdat (17) setup time to cfgclk (18) rising edge 45 ns t c1hld cfgdat (17) hold time to cfgclk (18) rising edge 90 ns t cfglo cfg (19) low time between transfers 90 ns t c1rdz cfgdat (17) high impedance setup time on data read 20 ns t c1rdval cfgdat (17) time to valid data output on read 90 ns t c1rls cfgdat (17) time to high impedance on end of transfer 20 ns tranceiver set-up, 3.0 vdc, -40 to +85 c command r/w address cfg0 cfg1 receive ook using external data and clock recovery 0 00 0000 0000 0000 0000 receive ook using internal 19.2 kb/s data and clock recovery 0 00 0000 0001 0000 0100 transmit ook 0 00 0100 0000 0010 0000 sleep 0 00 1000 0000 0000 0000 tranceiver set-up, 3.0 vdc, -40 to +85 c
rf monolithics, inc. phone: (972) 233-2903 fax: (972) 387-8148 e-mail: info@rfm.com page 13 of 15 rfm europe phone: 44 1963 251383 fax: 44 1963 251510 http://www.rfm.com ?1999 by rf monolithics, inc. the stylized rfm logo are registered trademarks of rf monolithics, inc. TR7000-11062007 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 TR7000 v txm vs i txm i txm in a v t x m i n m v 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 TR7000 rf output power vs i txm i txm in a o u t p u t p o w e r i n m w
rf monolithics, inc. phone: (972) 233-2903 fax: (972) 387-8148 e-mail: info@rfm.com page 14 of 15 rfm europe phone: 44 1963 251383 fax: 44 1963 251510 http://www.rfm.com ?1999 by rf monolithics, inc. the stylized rfm logo are registered trademarks of rf monolithics, inc. TR7000-11062007 3 4 5 6 7 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 rfio 8 2 10 20 1 18 lpfadj rref thld2 vcc3 pkdet bbout cmpin rxdata txmod thld1 rxdclk gnd3 gnd1 vcc1 gnd2 vcc2 cfg cfgclk/dsss cfgdat pin out note: specifications subjec t to change without notice. dimension mm inches min nom max min nom max a 10.6 10.7 10.9 0.417 0.423 0.429 b 6.7 6.8 7.0 0.264 0.270 0.276 c 1.5 1.8 2.0 0.061 0.070 0.079 d 1.4 1.7 1.9 0.058 0.066 0.074 e 3.2 3.3 3.4 0.125 0.130 0.135 f 1.8 1.9 2.0 0.069 0.074 0.079 g 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.015 0.020 0.025 h 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.035 0.040 0.045 i 1.7 1.8 1.9 0.065 0.070 0.075 sm3-20h pcb pad layout dimensions in inches .100 .380 0.000 0 . 0 0 0 .075 .115 .155 .195 .235 .275 .315 .355 . 0 9 0 .455 . 1 2 2 5 . 1 6 2 5 . 1 4 7 5 . 1 8 7 5 . 2 2 0 . 3 1 0 a b c d e f h g i
rf monolithics, inc. phone: (972) 233-2903 fax: (972) 387-8148 e-mail: info@rfm.com page 15 of 15 rfm europe phone: 44 1963 251383 fax: 44 1963 251510 http://www.rfm.com ?1999 by rf monolithics, inc. the stylized rfm logo are registered trademarks of rf monolithics, inc. TR7000-11062007 revision history rev date comments - 2/14/2007 initial release 1.0 5/24/2007 -changed wording of data slicers section, pg. 5 to include rth1 value for 9mv threshol d. also included descr iption of powering up the device in a mode other than rx mode to keep thld1 stable. -updated thld1 equation for not using thld2. -corrected sleep mode current typo from 200 ua to 200 na. 1.1 7/11/2007 changed txmod resistor r txm value from 6.2k to 9.1k 1.2 8/28/2007 changed descrip tion of cfg1 bit 6. 1.3 10/17/2007 changed r th1 equations for non-thld2 use. 1.4 11/6/2007 updated receiv er performance values.

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